the “protest Contingencies Timeline” which looks at the social, political and economic structures on which the act of protest is contingent. Protest occurs at the dis-junction between citizen expectation and the action (or inaction) of their representatives or key stake holders in the development of their life conditions. This mapping charts the instigation of protest action since 1381 to the present day – with the aim of understanding the act of protest as a practice representing alternative methods of constructing daily lives and challenging the existing power structures throughout history.